A recent survey conducted by the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds (IFSWF) and One Planet Sovereign Wealth Funds (OPSWF) finds that SWFs have become more systematic in their approach to addressing climate change but need to do much more regarding disclosure and reporting of climate risk.
In a 2020 survey, only 24 per cent of SWF respondents said they incorporated ESG considerations into their investment processes and only 18 per cent had a dedicated ESG team; 48 per cent said they did not take a systematic approach to climate change. Twelve months later, 71 per cent of respondents have adopted an ESG approach and less than 10 per cent said they didn’t consider climate change in their investment approach at all. Only 20 per cent of respondents considered climate change in an unsystematic manner.
The latest survey was distributed to 46 SWFs with total assets under management of more than $5.75 trillion – over 90 per cent of total assets under management, according to the IFSWF’s database. The survey elicited a 74 per cent response.
Over the past year, SWFs have rapidly expanded their use of different methods of assessing climate-related risks and opportunities to better understand their portfolio exposure and reduce their climate impact. For example, 34 per cent of respondents have now carbon footprinted their portfolios, up from 23 per cent last year. Similarly, 31 per cent now use climate-scenario analysis versus 17 per cent in 2020. Similar progress can be seen in climate stress-testing, green- and low carbon portfolio analysis and stranded value/assets at risk analysis.
The survey also revealed that while only 9 per cent of respondents reported that they were mandated to address climate change, almost two-thirds of respondents are proactively adopting such an investment approach. Rather than waiting for it to be included in their mandate – many of which were written years or even decades ago and could be bureaucratic or politically challenging to update – SWFs are pressing on. The survey found SWFs are doing this because they believe that it is “the right thing to do” (50 per cent) with 23 per cent saying they thought it would boost returns and 27 per cent saying it would reduce risks to their portfolio.
In 2020, nearly a fifth of respondents reported that a substantial obstacle to adopting an ESG or climate change investment approach was that stakeholders did not believe these issues to be important. This year this proportion had dropped to only 3 per cent. As a SWF’s board is most frequently the body responsible for approving the adoption of these strategies, this transformation of opinion has removed a substantial obstacle to sovereign funds adopting and implementing ESG approaches.
Tooling Up
41 per cent of respondents said they were planning on upskilling their investment teams with ESG expertise, 38 per cent said they were either expanding or establishing a dedicated ESG team. The most pressing issues for the survey respondents were technical challenges such as investment-analysis-like scenarios, as well as carbon foot printing and target setting.
Not only are SWF managing risks. They are also seeking out new opportunities to finance the energy transition and fund technologies that will help the world adapt to climate change. The report found that overall, SWFs continue to favour more established opportunities in these spaces. For example, renewable energy remains the most popular investment sector, with 70 per cent of respondents saying it was the most attractive climate-related sector, broadly in line with our findings last year. However, SWFs are beginning to look at a wider range of climate-related investment opportunities.
The report found that as sovereign funds develop greater knowledge and more understanding of climate-change-related investments, they are engaging more with the issue. Only 14 per cent of SWFs currently divest from companies on environmental grounds (the same proportion as last year), but the survey found a small rise in the proportion that engage with portfolio companies on climate-related issues from 54 per cent to 58 per cent, the share of which has come from the funds that previously did neither.
KPIs and Metrics
SWFs struggle with defining key performance indicators and metrics on which to assess their strategy. Over half of the respondents do not use metrics to assess their climate impact and most SWFs are yet to fully report on their climate approach: 83 per cent of respondents that use a climate change or ESG approach don’t publish their climate change strategy.
Although there has been an improvement in reporting – 35 per cent of respondents still do not report anywhere on how they are tackling climate change, down from two-thirds last year – most sovereign funds are not yet disclosing much information on this topic. Twenty per cent of respondents only report on climate change directly to their stakeholders, a further fifth describes their climate change approach in their annual reports, but less than 20 per cent of respondents have a separate climate change report or use one of the accepted sustainability reporting standards for their publicly available annual report.
Sovereign funds should do more to develop and use metrics and targets for their climate exposure, writes the report. For observers, SWFs disclosure on climate strategies is important as a measure of progress. But for the funds themselves, defining their carbon reduction targets and their exposure to climate change-related investment sectors is essential. “The development of these metrics will depend on SWFs ongoing efforts to develop bespoke methodologies, deepen expertise and engage with their stakeholders to ensure they are comfortable with public targets and metrics that might not be achieved due to circumstances outside of their control,” said the report.
That said, the challenging nature of identifying appropriate data and metrics, developing and implementing methodologies to measure and manage climate exposure and understanding the plethora of different reporting standards and frameworks, should not be underestimated, particularly for the large funds with complex portfolios. The survey concludes that SWFs are not only working on this internally but also engaging with international climate change associations and their peers to engage and make an impact on reducing carbon emissions globally.
